机匣处理作用下高负荷轴流压气机转/静子匹配设计研究

为了探索机匣处理作用下转/静子的轴向匹配方法以进一步提高压气机级的失速裕度,研究了静子的叶型安装角及"弯"、"掠"规律对压气机性能的影响,针对机匣处理与优化静子的组合结构进行了非定常数值模拟,阐述了该结构的扩稳机理以及压气机新的失速机制。研究结果表明,在机匣处理作用下,静子成为压气机失速的触发因素,通过对静子叶型安装角及"弯"、"掠"规律的优化均可进一步提高压气机级的失速裕度,其中改变静子"弯"型对压气机级失速裕度的改善最大。组合应用机匣处理与尖部反弯根部正弯静子后,压气机效率基本不变,失速裕度提升了80.2%,较单独使用机匣处理提升30.9%。在该组合结构作用下,压气机的失速由静子触发,静子叶根吸力面在激波作用下发生附面层分离,且与轮毂表面附面层相互作用形成角区涡,接近失速边界时,静子叶根形成"前缘溢流,尾缘反流"现象,造成静子通道的大范围堵塞,诱发压气机失速。压气机级的扩稳应充分考虑机匣处理的影响,对静子进行优化设计。     

Numerical investigation of flow mechanisms of tandem impeller inside a centrifugal compressor

This study numerically investigated a single stage centrifugal compressor ‘‘Radiver’’ with a wedge diffuser and several tandem-designed impellers to explore the flow phenomena within the tandem impeller and the potential to enhance compressor performance. The results demonstrate that tandem design and clocking fraction (λ_s) significantly affects the compressor performance. The compressor stage with tandem impellers of Series A of boundary layer growth interruption alone are observed to have a widely operating range but efficiency and total pressure ratio penalty compared with that of conventional impeller. The tandem impeller with at least the same impeller efficiency as the conventional design is considered as a critical design criteria so that further modification process based on the flow characteristic of tandem impeller is necessary. In order to restrain the inducer wake and exducer shock losses, parameters modification of blade angle and thickness distributions are necessary and the modified tandem impeller of Series B is obtained. The modified tandem impeller with 25% clocking arrangement shows an 8.45% stall margin increase and maintains the total pressure ratio and efficiency as the conventional design, which proves the potential of tandem impeller to improve compressor stage performance. It is noteworthy that the tandem impellers of Radiver have not shown obviously balanced exit flow field and the fundamental mechanism of stall margin extending of tandem impeller lies on the improved impeller/diffuser matching performance resulting from the incidence angle variation at diffuser inlet.     

Stall flutter prediction based on multi-layer GRU neural network

The modeling of dynamic stall aerodynamics is essential to stall flutter, due to the flow separation in a large-amplitude pitching oscillation process. A newly neural network based Reduced Order Model (ROM) framework for predicting the aerodynamic forces of an airfoil undergoing large-amplitude pitching oscillation at various velocities is presented in this work. First, the dynamic stall aerodynamics is calculated by solving RANS equations and the transitional SST-γ model. Afterwards, the stall flutter bifurcation behavior is calculated by the above CFD solver coupled with structural dynamic equation. The critical flutter speed and limit-cycle oscillation amplitudes are consistent with those obtained by experiments. A newly multi-layer Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network based ROM is constructed to accelerate the calculation of aerodynamic forces. The training and validation process are carried out upon the unsteady aerodynamic data obtained by the proposed CFD method. The well-trained ROM is then coupled with the structure equation at a specific velocity, the Limit-Cycle Oscillation (LCO) of stall flutter under this flow condition is predicted precisely and more quickly. In order to predict both the critical flutter velocity and LCO amplitudes after bifurcation at different velocities, a new ROM with GRU neural network considering the variation of flow velocities is developed. The stall flutter results predicted by ROM agree well with the CFD ones at different velocities. Finally, a brief sensitivity analysis of two structural parameters of ROM is carried out. It infers the potential of the presented modeling method to depict the nonlinearity of dynamic stall and stall flutter phenomenon.     

基于试车试验的涡轴发动机整机喘振裕度研究

某涡轴发动机在外场使用过程中,由于进气环境的影响和多发不同的装机位置等因素,致使发动机出现偶发喘振或前喘征兆等现象。为此,对原型机转子进行改进设计。同时,采用试车试验的方法,测算并验证改型机的整机喘振裕度。结果表明:在整个工作范围内,改型机的整机喘振裕度得到了全面提升,设计点喘振裕度由10.65%提高至16.21%。试验可为该系列发动机设计制造和改进使用提供数据参考。     

离心压气机失速模式及自循环机匣处理的作用机制

通过对离心压气机不同转速下实壁机匣和处理机匣两种状态流场的数值模拟,研究了失速模式随转速的变化及不同失速模式下机匣处理作用机制的转变.结果表明:随转速的降低,失速模式由100%设计转速时的扩压器失速逐步向导风轮失速过渡,导风轮失速也经历了由80%设计转速时的端壁失速和叶片前缘失速向50%设计转速的通道大范围完全失速的发展过程.自循环机匣处理对离心压气机失速裕度和效率的影响都与失速模式紧密相关,其扩稳作用仅对80%设计转速时的叶片前缘失速有效.在80%左右设计转速,机匣处理使主流效率有朝大流量工况点变化的趋势,从而使效率降低.当转速低至50%设计转速时,主流通道形成大范围回流区,机匣处理的二次回流可以减少叶轮对通道回流区气流的做功量,从而提高效率.      

民机机翼结构静力破坏预估研究

为避免飞机结构试验的灾难性破坏,一般要求在试验前对试件的破坏载荷与部位进行预估。采用工程法和有限元法相结合的手段对民机机翼结构进行了破坏预估分析,给出了危险部位及其破坏载荷和安全裕度。此外,又根据该机翼非破坏试验的测量数据,对所预估的可靠性进行了分析认证。采用对"计算"的安全裕度与"试验"的安全裕度对比的方法,阐明了所预估结果的可靠性与偏安全性,可满足工程实用要求。     

叶尖泄漏流/尾迹掺混对串列转子非设计点性能影响

在串列转子设计中,为研究前后排叶片周向位置的变化所引起的泄漏流/尾迹之间掺混的变化对串列转子近失速点性能的影响,首先建立了泄漏流/尾迹掺混分析模型.模型分析结果指出流动掺混可以有效减小通道下游堵塞.在模型分析的基础上,进一步在高负荷串列转子中进行了不同周向位置的对比研究,对模型进行了验证;研究发现在近失速工况,对比无掺混情况,后排叶尖泄漏流/前排尾迹掺混使叶尖堵塞减少了近20%,从而使得高负荷串列转子的失速裕度相对提高了11.7%.      

Effect of U-grooves on high-lift low pressure turbine profile＇s incidence characteristics

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明：相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.     

多级环境下径向总压畸变影响效应的试验评价

为量化评价径向总压畸变对多级轴流压气机气动性能的综合影响效应,将标准畸变模拟网与叶型探针技术相结合,开展了径向总压畸变对压气机性能与稳定性影响的试验研究.试验结果表明:径向总压畸变会轻度恶化压气机总体性能与稳定裕度,轮毂畸变与轮缘畸变对压气机性能的影响程度较为接近,而稳定裕度受轮缘畸变的影响要大于轮毂畸变,最大偏差达2%.两种径向总压畸变在压气机流道内均会迅速径向掺混,气流在强烈掺混过程中也将产生相应的压力损失.径向总压畸变会改变压气机原有级间负荷的分配,使某级的性能得到改善,该物理现象与转子攻角的变化范围相关联.      

航空发动机性能恢复控制方法

针对航空发动机部件蜕化导致性能变差问题,设计了航空发动机性能恢复控制系统,系统根据发动机的工作状态以及健康状态在常规转速控制模式、稳态性能恢复控制模式和加速性能恢复控制模式之间切换.稳态性能恢复控制模式在常规转速控制模式的基础上设计了一个外环控制回路,通过自适应修正稳定状态下压气机转速指令达到蜕化发动机性能恢复的目的;加速性能恢复控制模式通过综合常规转速控制方法和喘振裕度控制方法,在保证发动机气动稳定的同时,充分挖掘发动机潜力,从而达到恢复蜕化发动机加速性能的目的.通过不同状态不同部件蜕化下的仿真结果表明恢复蜕化发动机性能的有效性.